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Unit 21 of the Bol Marathi curriculum

Take grammar beyond the basics. Six lessons: vocabulary, bridges, speaking, grammar and culture.

6 lessons · Prefix Suffix Compounds Figures

Curated by xmirtunjay for Bol Marathi ·Reviewer: pending native-speaker review ·how the curriculum works

उन्नत व्याकरण • Advanced Grammar · उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय, समास, अलंकार

Unit 21

Advanced Marathi Grammar: Prefixes, Compounds & Voice

Take grammar beyond the basics.

  • 6 lessons
  • 6 speaking lessons
  • 6 Hindi→Marathi bridges
  • 6 grammar notes
0% complete

What you will learn

उन्नत मराठी व्याकरणाचे सूक्ष्म अभ्यास.

  • Prefix-suffix · उपसर्ग-प्रत्यय
  • Compound analysis · समास विग्रह
  • Figure of speech · अलंकार ओळख

Speaking practice sentences

Lesson 1

सुकार्य करणे सोपे आहे.
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अच्छा काम करना आसान है।
Doing good work is easy.

Lesson 2

छानपणा माझा आवडतो.
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मुझे अच्छाई पसंद है।
I like goodness.

Lesson 3

रामलक्ष्मण द्वंद्व समास आहे.
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रामलक्ष्मण द्वंद्व समास है।
Ram-Lakshman is dvandva compound.

Lesson 4

तो चंद्रासारखा सुंदर आहे.
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वह चंद्रमा जैसा सुंदर है।
He is beautiful like the moon.

Lesson 5

पत्र तयार झाला, पोस्ट झाला.
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पत्र तैयार हुआ, पोस्ट हुआ।
Letter prepared, posted.

Lesson 6

आईने मला दूध खावले.
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माँ ने मुझे दूध पिलाया।
Mother made me drink milk.

Practice

Try saying it

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सुकार्य करणे सोपे आहे.

Hindi → Marathi bridges

  • सु दुः अनु प्रति → सु दुः अनु प्रति — Prefixes.
  • ता त्व पणा ने ला → ता त्व पणा ने ला — Suffixes.
  • द्वंद्व तत्पुरुष बहुव्रीहि → द्वंद्व तत्पुरुष बहुव्रीहि — Compound types.
  • उपमा रूपक उत्प्रेक्षा → उपमा रूपक उत्प्रेक्षा — Figures.
  • कर्ता कर्म करणी → कर्ता कर्म कर्मणी — Voice change.
  • करवाना देने देना → करवा द्या द्या — Causative permissive.

Grammar notes

Prefixes

अनु-, प्रति-, उप-, सु-, दुः-, निर-, अतिरिक्त अर्थ देणारे.

Common prefixes add meaning to a root: anu-, prati-, upa-, su- (good), duḥ- (bad), nira- (without).

Suffixes

-ता, -त्व, -पणा, -करणी, -ने, -ला - शब्दरूप बदलणारे.

Common suffixes change a word's form and class: -tā, -tva, -paṇā (abstract nouns), -karaṇī, plus the case endings -nē and -lā.

Compounds

द्वंद्व, तत्पुरुष, बहुव्रीहि, कर्मधारय - संहित शब्द.

Compound words (samāsa): dvandva (both-and), tatpuruṣa (determinative), bahuvrīhi (descriptive), karmadhāraya (appositional).

Figures of Speech

उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, अतिशयोक्ति, यमक, श्लेष.

Figures of speech (alaṅkāra): upamā (simile), rūpaka (metaphor), utprekṣā (poetic fancy), atishayākti (hyperbole), yamaka (pun), śleṣa (double meaning).

Passive Voice

कर्मणी प्रयोग - त्याने केलं -> तयार झालं. वाच्य परिवर्तन.

Passive voice: Tyānē kelē (he did it) becomes Tayāra jhālē (it got done) - the object moves into the subject position.

Causative & Permissive

प्रेरणार्थक (करवा), अनुमतार्थक (द्या) - क्रियापद रूप.

Causative verbs add -vā/-avā to make someone do something: karā becomes karavā (get it done). Permissive uses ḍēā (let/allow).

Culture notes

  • Sanskrit Influence — Marathi has many Sanskrit prefixes-suffixes.
  • Saint Poetry Grammar — Beautiful figures in Abhang - Tukaram, Namdev.
  • Literary Criticism — Poetic style, rasa, meter, figures - Marathi criticism.
  • Proverbs & Idioms — Proverbs, idioms - grammar with cultural heritage.
  • Modern Usage — English word adaptation - computer, internet, mobile.
  • Grammar in AI — Marathi NLP - tokenization, POS tagging, parsing.

How to practice this unit

Read each Marathi sentence aloud, check it against the Hindi, then cover the Marathi and recall it from the English. In the app the same unit adds listening quizzes, speaking checks, sentence building and review before you forget.

Progress saved locally — syncs across devices when you sign in.

Lesson complete.

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